Cardiac surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the surgical treatment of heart and thoracic aorta diseases. The history of modern cardiac surgery, which began at the end of the nineteenth century, maybe comprehended. Since then, cardiac surgery has evolved thanks to the efforts of many devoted surgeons, who are now able to treat a wide range of heart pathologies. This process is still in progress today. This exercise discusses recent advancements in cardiac surgery, as well as how minimally invasive surgery is altering the landscape of open-heart surgery.